Prevention
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PCA WEB MAP

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Introduction 

 Demographics

 Anatomy & Physiology

 Symptoms

 Who Should be Evaluated

 Prostate Examination

 Digital Rectal

 PSA

 Total vs. Free Ratio

How to Evaluate for PCa

 Consultation

 Total vs. Free PSA

 Trans Rectal Ultrasound

 Needle Biopsy

 Biopsy Results

What if the Biopsy is Positive?

Gleason Grade

Stage

 Stage A

 Stage B

 Stage C

 Stage D

Therapy Options

Surgery

 Radical Prostatectomy

 Standard Operation    

 Nerve Sparing Oper.

 Positive Margins

 Recurrence after Surgery

Radiation Therapy

 External Beam Therapy

 IMRT

 Interstitial Radiotherapy

 Brachytherapy or Seeds

 Rapid Interstitial Therapy

 Combined Therapy

 Neoadjuvant Therapy or

         Hormones + Radiation

Combined Therapy

Cryotherapy

Hormone Therapy 

 Hormonal Therapy

 Castration

 LHRH Inhibitors

 Total Androgen Blockade

 Neo Adjuvant Therapy or

    Hormones + Radiation

Observation

Late Stage Prostate Cancer

 Cycling antiandrogens

 Chemotherapy

 Cryotherapy

 Bony Metastases

   External Beam Radiation

   Strontium 89

   Bisphosphonates

   Immunotherapy

   Monoclonal Antibodies

   Alternate Medicine

Alternate Medicine

 PC-Spes

 

PCA WEB MAP

 

Stephan L. Werner, M.D., F.A.C.S

     The incidence of prostate cancer varies greatly between various areas of the world with the greatest incidence in the developed western nations and much lower incidence in Africa and the Far East.  The debate over the influence of genetics versus life style has become heavily weighted towards life style causes by the high incidence of prostate cancer in African Americans as compared to native Africans, and to the rising rate of prostate cancer in second and third generation Asian Americans.  Prostate cancer is very rare in Asia, but is becoming much more frequent as more native Asians adopt a western style diet. Until recently there was were no known preventative medications, only alternative options. In 2009 a major gateway was passed:

Prostate Cancer Prevention with 5-ARIs
(5a-Reductase Inhibitors)

Information for Patients

Recent guidelines released by ASCO (American Society of Clinical Oncology) and the AUA (American Urological Association), suggest that the use of 5-ARI’s for the reduction of the incidence of prostate cancer (PCA) should be discussed with patients.  The group suggested is men over 50 with PSA £3 who are undergoing or considering on-going prostate monitoring, (annual PSA + digital rectal examination), for prostate cancer.

5-ARIs currently available, finasteride, (Proscar™, Propecia™) and dutasteride, (Avodart™), are used for reduction of benign prostate enlargement, (BPH), lower urinary tract symptoms, (LUTS), and hair loss. The recent Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial (PCPT), showed that over 7 years, the use of finasteride decreased the incidence of PCA from 24.4% to 18.4%, (25% decrease) compared to placebo.  The committees reviewed 15 studies in creating the guidelines

5-ARIs shrink benign prostatic tissue, sometimes improving urine flow and reducing PSA levels. 5-ARIs also decrease the incidence of low grade (Gleason grade <7) PCA while seeming to increase the incidence of higher grade prostate cancers. (Gleason grade >6) from 22% to 37% of cancers found.  This increase is probably artificial. The amount of benign tissue decreases, so the likelihood of finding PCA increases;  more nodules can be felt on examination and failure of PSA to drop significantly leads to more biopsies; a higher percentage of biopsies are likely to find cancer, (a needle in a bale of hay as opposed to a haystack); and there are fewer low grade cancers.

2-4% of patients on 5-ARIs report increased erectile dysfunction or gynecomastia, (growth of breast tissue), and decreases in semen volume and libido although these effects decreased with time.  6-7% of patients discontinued the medication due to side effects.

There is no data on the effect of 5-ARIs on the incidence of prostate cancer beyond 7 years, nor whether 5-ARIs reduce cancer mortality or increase life expectancy.

Stephan L. Werner, MD, DABU               Jack D. Francis, MD, DABU
Mid-Atlantic Urology Associates        Greenbelt, Bowie, Laurel  MD

© werner-francis urology assoc. llc. 2009   Permission is hereby granted to copy and distribute only in its entirety.

 

Alternative Options

   

    We provide the following information for your evaluation, and make no recommendations as to your use of it.  In the  use of natural or food products preparation may play a great role.  With the exception of Theralogix Prostate 2.3, we cannot advise you on the sources, effectiveness, purity or preparation of any of the below.  Please do not ask us. While there is little data, for use of these factors in treatment of PCa, there is no reason to believe they would not help.

    Low Fat Diet  Diets high in animal fats, especially when broiled or charred have been shown to increase the incidence of Prostate cancer.  Restrictions may be appropriate.

    Vitamin E has been shown to decrease the incidence of prostate cancer significantly in a long term Finnish study.  <200 international units daily may be the appropriate dosage.  Do not overdose!  Is there a difference between natural and synthetic?  It appears that the natural gamma Vit.. E may be better than the synthetic alpha Vit. E.

    Vitamin D may help decrease the incidence of prostate cancer, 2400 units a day may be helpful.

    Selenium    an element, has been shown in several studies to decrease the incidence of prostate cancer, though recent studies suggest that high doses increase the incidnece of PCa. 70 micrograms a day may be the appropriate dosage. Make sure to use selenium that is "yeast derived" it seems to be more active.  We do not know the long term effects of this.

    Lycopene is a chemical found in cooked tomatoes, (spaghetti sauce, pizza, stewed tomatoes, etc.), three portions a week may be helpful.  Lycopene can also be bought as a dietary supplement,

    Green Tea may play a protective role.  What type? What source?  Preparation?  How much?  How often?

    Soy or Tofu  may play a protective role.   What type? What source?  Preparation?  How much?  How often ?

    There are many other supposedly helpful products.  We leave their discovery and use to the readers, without comment, only caution.

Stephan Werner, M.D., F.A.C.S

 

Prostate 2.3 by Theralogix is a certified combination of naturally occurring forms of Vit. D, Vit.E, lycopene, selenium and soy in appropriate dosage.  Its cost is comparative to other similar preparations. It is not available over the counter.  It can be ordered at: 1 888 899 3899 or at Click here: Theralogix.com  Use code 30089                  

 

100 IU

vitamin E  

  2400 IU vitamin D
  70 mcg selenium
   30 mcg lycopene
   50 mg soy isoflavones

it is certified by NSF as to content and purity.  It should not be taken along with other supplements containing these products.. It should not be taken during or within 6 months after any radiation therapy or seeds (brachytherapy), as it may counteract the radiation

To learn more or order (you need this PRN number:  30089 )  click here or go to:

Theralogix .com

Rev: 03/09

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Werner - Francis Urology Associates llc - Mid Atlantic Urology Associates llc

Greenbelt - Bowie - Laurel     Maryland

(301) 441-8900               Fax (301) 982 0453

7500 Hanover Parkway   Suite 206    Greenbelt, MD   20770

e-mail: wfurology@gmail.com

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Rev:03/08